![]() He and his German wife Sophia changed their name to Romanov upon inheriting the throne. Peter (who would rule as Peter III) spoke little Russian, having been a German prince of the House of Holstein-Gottorp before arriving in Russia to assume the Imperial title. Elizabeth declared her nephew, Peter, to be her heir. Elizabeth would be the last of the direct Romanovs to rule Russia. The throne passed to Anna, a niece of Peter the Great, and after the brief rule of her niece's infant son Ivan VI, the throne was seized by Elizabeth, a daughter of Peter the Great. However, direct male descendants of Michael Romanov came to an end in 1730 with the death of Peter II of Russia, grandson of Peter the Great. Officially, Russia would be ruled by the Romanov dynasty until the Russian Revolution of 1917. The Empire of Russia was declared by Peter the Great in 1721. (Also Grand Princes of Finland from 1809 until 1917 and Kings of Poland from 1815 until 1917) ![]() Regent: princess Sophia (8 June 1682 – 17 September 1689) The Time of Troubles is considered to have ended with the election of Michael Romanov to the throne in February 1613. As a child, Władysław was even chosen as Tsar by the council of aristocracy, though he was prevented by his father from formally taking the throne. During this period, foreign powers deeply involved themselves in Russian politics, under the leadership of the Vasa monarchs of Sweden and Poland-Lithuania, including Sigismund III Vasa and his son Władysław. A distant Rurikid cousin, Vasily Shuysky, also took power for a time. A series of impostors, known as the False Dmitrys, each claimed to be Feodor I's long deceased younger brother however, only the first impostor ever took the capital and sat on the throne. Son of Boris Godunov and Maria Grigorievna Skuratova-Belskayaĭevastated by famine, rule under Boris descended into anarchy. In 1169 Prince Andrey I of Vladimir sacked the city of Kiev and took over the title of the grand prince to claim primacy in Rus'. Grand Princes of Vladimirīy the 12th century, the Grand Duchy of Vladimir became the dominant principality in Northwest Rus, adding its name to those of Novgorod and Kiev, culminating with the rule of Alexander Nevsky. In the mid-14th century, Galicia-Volhynia fell under pressure from neighboring powers Poland conquered Galicia and Lithuania took other Western Rus′ lands including Kiev. In the southwest, Galicia-Volhynia had emerged as the local successor to Kiev. Since that time, Northeastern Rus′ centered in Vladimir has become one of the most influential Rus′ lands. Andrei's brother Gleb was appointed as prince of Kiev while Andrei himself continued to rule his realm from Vladimir on Klyazma. In March 1169, a coalition of native princes led by Andrei of Vladimir sacked Kiev and forced Mstislav II to flee in Volhynia. Traditionally, Rus' statehood is traced to Rurik, a Rus' leader of Novgorod (modern Veliky Novgorod), a different Rus' state. ![]() Little is known of the Rus' Khaganate beyond its existence, including the extent of its territory or any reliable list of its khagans (rulers). The first states to exert hegemony over the region were those of the Rus' people, a branch of Nordic Varangians who entered the region occupied by modern Russia sometime in the ninth century, and set up a series of states starting with the Rus' Khaganate circa 830. Parts of the land that is today known as Russia was populated by various East Slavic peoples from before the 9th century. According to Article 59 of the 1906 Russian Constitution, the Russian emperor held several dozen titles, each one representing a region which the monarch governed. Some of the earliest titles include kniaz and velikiy kniaz, which mean "prince" and "grand prince" respectively but are often rendered as "duke" and "grand duke" in Western literature then the title of tsar, meaning "caesar", which was disputed to be the equal of either a king or emperor finally culminating in the title of emperor. The vast territory known today as Russia covers an area that has been known historically by various names, including Rus', Kievan Rus', the Grand Duchy of Moscow, the Tsardom of Russia and the Russian Empire, and the sovereigns of these many nations and throughout their histories have used likewise as wide a range of titles in their positions as chief magistrates of a country.
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